1. Imaging modalities and recent advances:(20 marks)
Digital radiography: principles, CR systems, advantages , advances in DR- Digital mammography :basic physics , comparison of digital vs conventional mammography, advances like contrast enhanced mammography, subtraction mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis– Digital fluoroscopy :basic principles of fluoscopy, DSA- Ultrasound : basics of ultrasound imaging, instrumentation, fundamentals of doppler ultrasound, advances like tissue harmonic imaging , elastography infusion imaging , contrast enhanced uss, HIFU,ultrasound image artefacts- Computed tomography : basic principles in acquisition and reconstruction, hardware and software, HRCT, cone beam CT,CT angiography, CT perfusion studies, Dual energy and photon counting CT –MRI : basic principles of image formation and interpretation, Hardware and sequences, SWI, DWI, MRS,MR perfusion imaging, MRangiography, MRI safety.
Radiation hazards - Units of radiation - Radiation protection : Principles and implementation, AERB guidelines –Radiography techniques – Basic Radiation physics : Xray tube, Properties and interactions of X rays, Cassettes film screen , Radiographic Grid , Radiographic contrast - Dark room techniques – Radiographic contrast media –Quality assurance in Radiography - Radiographic contrast media: classification, precautions , adverse reactions and management - Ultrasound contrast media – MRI contrast media - PACS and RIS (Radiology Information System)- PET and SPECT imaging – Radiofrequency Ablation – Introduction to Interventional Radiology
2. Paediatric imaging : (10 marks)
Imaging techniques and special considerations in paediatric radiography – Contrast imaging in paediatrics – Neurosonography - New born imaging : CNS, respiratory system, CVS, GIT, Hepatobiliary system, Genitourinary system, MSK, trauma - Paediatrics : diseases of chest , abdomen, pelvis , Brain & spine, msk– paediatric ILD - haematological malignancies- spinal dysraphysm – skeletal dysplasias – trauma
3. Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Imaging : (10marks)
Imaging in GIT : plain Xray, contrast Xray, ultrasound, CT scan and MRI –Radiological Anatomy of GIT –anomalies - imaging techniques : Barium and water soluble contrast media as GI contrast agents – imaging in dysphagia- imaging in GI bleed - imaging in persistent vomiting – intestinal obstruction –acute abdomen - Ascites - Abdominal masses- gastrointestinal tumours - Gastrointestinal tuberculosis –salivary glands- imaging of appendix - Radiological anatomy of Liver, biliary system, spleen , pancreas, vascular anatomy-anomalies - imaging of jaundice –Cirrhosis and portal hypertension - diffuse liver diseases – focal liver lesions – imaging of liver transplantation – Disorders of biliary system : congenital anomalies, calculous diseases, infections, neoplasms – Pancreatitis – tumours of pancreas – cystic lesions – peritoneum and mesentery – abdominal trauma - Role of interventional Radiology in GIT and Hepatobiliary systems
4. Respiratory and Cardiovascular imaging: (20 marks)
Radiological anatomy of lungs, mediastinum, thymus –embryology and anomalies of lungRadiography of chest –chest CT anatomy and techniques - HRCT chest : Principles & anatomy - MRI of chest Basic radiological patterns of lung diseases and interpretation - Imaging in pulmonary tuberculosis - Non tubercular pulmonary infections – pulmonary manifestations in immunocompromised host – imaging of solitary pulmonary nodule – imaging of pulmonary neoplasms –Pulmonary circulation :imaging of pulmonary embolism - mediastinal lesions – pattern recognition in ILD and interpretation – Chest imaging in ICU - Imaging in chest trauma – imaging of pleura- imaging of diaphragm and chest wall – chest ultrasound including POCUS – diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in chest Radiological anatomy of heart including sectional and vascular anatomy - development of heart and major congenital heart diseases - chest Xray in evaluation of heart diseases - imaging in IHD – imaging in cardiomyopathies - imaging of cardiac masses – imaging of valvular heart diseases – imaging of pericardium - cardiac scintigraphy - Phlebography – lymphatic system - imaging interventions in aorta, ivc ,peripheral vessels
5. Genitourinary system : (10 marks)
Radiological anatomy of kidney, ureter, bladder,urethra – imaging techniques includes IVP, MCU, RGU, CT urogram, MR urogram, radionucleide studies - renal calculus and obstructive uropathy- renal neoplasms both benign and malignant- renal parenchymal diseases -renal infections - renal cysts – renal transplantation - renovascular hypertension- diseases of urinary bladder and urethra - urinary tract trauma Radiological anatomy of uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes ,vagina,prostate & seminal vesicles, pelvis (male and female), scrotum- imaging techniques include HSG, sonosalpingography, genitogram, TRUS- benign lesions of uterus,ovaries and vagina- malignant lesions of uterus,ovaries and vagina - imaging in infertility both male and female- erectile dysfunction -diseases of prostate-imaging of scrotal lesions- Adrenal glands- retroperitoneum- Role of interventional radiology in Genitourinary tract
6. Muskuloskeletal and breast imaging :(10marks)
Bones and joints : general principles in Radiographic imaging and interpretation –major joints : USS,CT and MR techniques of hip, shoulder, knee , elbow, wrist, TMJand spine –MR arthrography- radiological evaluation of arthritis : infective, degenerative and inflammatory - MR imaging of hip, shoulder,knee, elbow, and wrist joints - metabolic and endocrine disorders of MSK system-osteoporosis –infections of bone - Bone tumours : benign and malignant : approach –Bonemarrow imaging- Radiology in MSK trauma - MSK interventions - MSK scintigraphy Imaging of soft tissue - imaging of peripheral nerves Radiological anatomy of mammary gland – vascular supply and lymphatic drainage – mammography technique –BIRADS - ductography - sonomammography – MRI breast – Benign and malignant lesions of breast – male breast imaging - breast interventions
7. Neuroradiology including head and neck imaging : ( 20marks)
Sectional anatomy of brain in CT and MRI- vascular anatomy – imaging techniques in Brain CT and MRI - MRS – Functional MRI - Stroke imaging - imaging and interventions in intracranial bleed – neurotrauma – neuroinfections –Imaging in white matter diseases – imaging in epilepsy – Brain tumours : benign and malignant , sellar parasellar masses, intraventricular lesions, CP angle lesions , posterior fossa tumours – Neurodegenerative diseases – imaging of calvarium HRCT anatomy of temporal bone - imaging of temporal bone – imaging of orbit, PNS , neck spaces , thyroid – imaging of pharynx - Teeth and Jaw - skull base lesions - maxillofacial imaging – CVJ anomalies Radiological anatomy of spine - Radiography of spine - CT and MR imaging of spine and spinal cord - spinal trauma – spinal neoplasm - IVDP –infections and vascular diseases of spine – spinal dysraphysm Neuro interventions
